CSS3 Transforms
With CSS3 transform, we can move, scale, turn, spin, and stretch elements.
How Does it Work?
A transform is an effect that lets an element change shape, size and position.
You can transform your elements using 2D or 3D transformation.
Browser Support
| Property | Browser Support |
|---|
| transform | | -moz- | -webkit- | -webkit- | -o- |
Internet Explorer does not yet support the transform property.
Firefox requires the prefix -moz-.
Chrome and Safari requires the prefix -webkit-.
Opera requires the prefix -o-.
2D Transforms
In this chapter you will learn about the 2d transform methods:
- translate()
- rotate()
- scale()
- skew()
- matrix()
You will learn about 3D transforms in the next chapter.
Example
div
{
transform: rotate(30deg);
-webkit-transform: rotate(30deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: rotate(30deg); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: rotate(30deg); /* Firefox */
} |
Try it yourself » |
The translate() Method
With the translate() method, the element moves from its current position, depending on the parameters given for the left (X-axis) and the top (Y-axis) position:
Example
div
{
transform: translate(50px,100px);
-webkit-transform: translate(50px,100px); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: translate(50px,100px); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: translate(50px,100px); /* Firefox */
} |
Try it yourself » |
The value translate(50px,100px) moves the element 50 pixels from the left, and 100 pixels from the top.
The rotate() Method
With the rotate() method, the element rotates clockwise at a given degree. Negative values are allowed and rotates the element counter-clockwise.
Example
div
{
transform: rotate(30deg);
-webkit-transform: rotate(30deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: rotate(30deg); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: rotate(30deg); /* Firefox */
} |
Try it yourself » |
The value rotate(30deg) rotates the element clockwise 30 degrees.
The scale() Method
With the scale() method, the element increases or decreases the size, depending on the parameters given for the width (X-axis) and the height (Y-axis):
Example
div
{
transform: scale(2,4);
-webkit-transform: scale(2,4); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: scale(2,4); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: scale(2,4); /* Firefox */
} |
Try it yourself » |
The value scale(2,4) transforms the width to be twice its original size, and the height 4 times its original size.
The skew() Method
With the skew() method, the element turns in a given angle, depending on the parameters given for the horizontal (X-axis) and the vertical (Y-axis) lines:
Example
div
{
transform: skew(30deg,20deg);
-webkit-transform: skew(30deg,20deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform: skew(30deg,20deg); /* Opera */
-moz-transform: skew(30deg,20deg); /* Firefox */
} |
Try it yourself » |
The value skew(30deg,20deg) turns the element 30 degrees around the X-axis, and 20 degrees around the Y-axis.
The matrix() Method
The matrix() method combines all of the 2D transform methods into one.
The matrix method take six parameters, containing mathematic functions, which allows you to: rotate, scale, move (translate), and skew elements.
Example
How to rotate a div element 30 degrees, using the matrix method: div
{
transform:matrix(0.866,0.5,-0.5,0.866,0,0);
-moz-transform:matrix(0.866,0.5,-0.5,0.866,0,0); /* Firefox */
-webkit-transform:matrix(0.866,0.5,-0.5,0.866,0,0); /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transform:matrix(0.866,0.5,-0.5,0.866,0,0); /* Opera */
} |
Try it yourself » |
New Transform Properties
The following table lists all the transform properties:
| Property | Description | CSS |
|---|
| transform | Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element | 3 |
| transform-origin | Allows you to change the position on transformed elements | 3 |
2D Transform Methods
| Function | Description |
|---|
| matrix(n,n,n,n,n,n) | Defines a 2D transformation, using a matrix of six values |
| translate(x,y) | Defines a 2D translation |
| scale(x,y) | Defines a 2D scale transformation |
| rotate(angle) | Defines a 2D rotation, the angle is specified in the parameter |
| skew(x-angle,y-angle) | Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X- and the Y-axis |
| skewX(angle) | Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X-axis |
| skewY(angle) | Defines a 2D skew transformation along the Y-axis
|
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